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Propylene glycol is a colorless viscous liquid with a weak characteristic odor, sweet taste, and hygroscopic properties. It is a diatomic alcohol. It exists in the form of two isomers: 1,2-propylene glycol and 1,3-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol is more reactive than 1,2-propylene glycol and tends to polymerize. Propylene glycol is obtained from petroleum products by methods of sublimation, purification followed by testing for purity and compatibility with cells of animal origin. Propylene glycol, obtained in industry by hydration of propylene oxide, is a racemic mixture of both optical isomers.One of the interesting properties of propylene glycol is its ability to dissolve both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, which allows mixing with its help substances that do not mix by themselves. Unlike ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and some other glycols, propylene glycol in small and medium doses is safe for the body and can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Cosmetics and personal care products, from shaving creams to tanning lotions and ointments, often contain significant amounts of propylene glycol as an emollient and humectant. In cosmetics, propylene glycol is used to prepare elixirs, shampoos, emulsions, toothpastes, lipsticks and other preparations. Propylene glycol is used as a solvent for aromatic substances, essential oils and in the production of flavorings. Propylene glycol is also widely used in the food and non-alcoholic beer industry as a food additive E-1520, where it is used as a solvent in the production of soft drinks and syrups. As a softening, moisture-retaining and dispersing agent, it can be included in cookies, low-alcohol carbonated drinks, energy drinks, candies, biscuit rolls and other confectionery products. It is used for freezing berries, fruits, poultry meat. It is also used in the preparation of seasonings, extraction of spices from natural products (vanilla beans, coffee, cocoa); as a solvent for aromatic substances, essential oils and in the production of food flavorings. In agriculture, propylene glycol, which is added to feed, does not have a direct nutritional effect on the animal body, but it contributes to improving the quality of feed and slows down its spoilage. Propylene glycol is also introduced to improve the appearance of fodder. It is also part of the sedatives used in veterinary medicine. Propylene glycol is used in pharmacology as a hygroscopic substance and as a carrier or solvent in medicinal liquids and ointments. Complex esters with salicylic acid or its derivatives (propylene glycol ether) have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. As a good solvent of natural and synthetic substances, it is used in the manufacture of various tinctures, solutions for injections, ointments, rubs, etc. Propylene glycol is used in the production of cigarettes, it is also used as a plasticizer when rolling cigars, in pipe, chewing and snuff tobacco. It is also used in the production of liquids for refilling electronic cigarettes.